55岁大爷因爱吃豆腐天天吃 体内取出了420颗结石
(Redirected from Inese?o language)
| Barbare?o | |
|---|---|
| ?muwi? (Barbare?o) S?amala (Inese?o) | |
| Native to | California, United States |
| Region | Santa Barbara, Santa Ynez |
| Extinct | 1965, with the death of Mary Yee[1] |
| Revival | 2010 (Barbare?o) 2003 (Inese?o)[2] |
Chumashan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:boi – Barbare?oinz – Inese?o |
| Glottolog | barb1263 Barbarenoines1240 Ineseno |
| ELP | Barbare?o |
Barbare?o (Barbare?o: ?muwi?) is one of the Chumashan languages, a group of Native American languages spoken almost exclusively in the area of Santa Barbara, California. The closely related Inese?o (Inese?o: S?amala) may have been a dialect of the same language. A dialect of the Barbare?o language was also "spoken at San Emigdio near Buena Vista Lake" in the southern Central Valley. This dialect, called Emigdiano, "was heavily influenced by Buena Vista Yokuts."[3] Barbare?o lost its last known native speaker in 1965 with the death of Mary Yee.[1] Both Barbare?o and Inese?o are currently undergoing processes of language revitalization.[2][4][5][6][7][8] An Inese?o dictionary was published in 2007.[9]
Language revitalization
[edit]As of 2013, the Barbareno Chumash Council is engaged in ongoing efforts to revive the language. Two of its members are language apprentices and teachers.[10][11] Wishtoyo Chumash Village, in Malibu, California, announced the opening of its ?muwi? Language School in 2010.[4][5]
Phonology
[edit]Consonants
[edit]| Bilabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar/ Palatal |
Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | sibilant | |||||||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
plain | p | t | t?s | t?? | k | q | ? |
| ejective | p? | t? | t?s? | t??? | k? | q? | ||
| aspirated | p? | t? | t?s? | t??? | k? | q? | ||
| Fricative | plain | s | ? | x | h | |||
| ejective | s? | ?? | x? | |||||
| aspirated | s? | ?? | ||||||
| Nasal | plain | m | n | |||||
| glottalized | ?m | ?n | ||||||
| Approximant | plain | l | j | w | ||||
| glottalized | ?l | ?j | ?w | |||||
Vowels
[edit]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ? | u |
| Open | e | a | o |
References
[edit]- ^ a b Poser, William J. (2004). "On the Status of Chumash Sibilant Harmony" (PDF). Ms., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ^ a b "Chumash Culture". Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ^ "Barbare?o". Survey of California and Other Indian Languages. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ^ a b "Chumash Language". Wishtoyo Foundation. Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ^ a b Moreno, Sarah Koyo (2011). "Our Ancestors are Happy: Chumash Language Learning at Wishtoyo". News from Native California. 24 (4). Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ^ Chawkins, Steve (2025-08-05). "Chumash recover their 'alishtaha'n: Armed with a trove of scattered notes, linguist saves ancestral tongue from brink of extinction". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ^ "Chumash Dictionary Breathes Life into Moribund Language". The Santa Barbara Independent. Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ^ "Bringing Back the Samala Chumash Language". Channel Islands National Park. 2025-08-05. Archived from the original on June 26, 2013. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ^ Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians of the Santa Ynez Reservation, California; Applegate, Richard B., eds. (2007). Samala-English dictionary: a guide to the Samala language of the Inese?o Chumash People (1st ed.). Santa Ynez, Calif: Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians. ISBN 978-0-615-13131-3. OCLC 231862451.
- ^ "Barbareno Chumash Council". Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ^ "Funded Projects". Seventh Generation Fund for Indian Development. Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
Further reading
[edit]- Beeler, M. S. (January 1970). "Sibilant Harmony in Chumash". International Journal of American Linguistics. 36 (1): 14–17. doi:10.1086/465084. JSTOR 1264477. S2CID 145163145.
- Applegate, Richard. (1972). Inese?o Chumash Grammar. (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley).
- Beeler, M. S. 1976. Barbareno Chumash: a farrago. In Langdon, Margaret and Silver, Shirley, eds. Hokan Studies: Papers from the 1st Conference on Hokan Languages held in San Diego, California April 23–25, 1970, pp. 251–270. The Hague: Mouton.
- Wash, Suzanne. (1995). Productive Reduplication in Barbare?o Chumash. (Master's thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara; 210 + x pp.)
- Wash, Suzanne. (2001). Adverbial Clauses in Barbare?o Chumash Narrative Discourse. (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara; 569 + xxii pp.)
External links
[edit]- Barbare?o language overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
- "Barbare?o / Chumash sound recordings". Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- Chumash Barbare?o, Smithsonian Archives
- Barbare?o Chumash Names for the Body
- Samala Chumash Language Tutorial
- OLAC resources in and about the Barbare?o language
- OLAC resources in and about the Inese?o language
- Inese?o basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
This article incorporates public domain material from Bringing Back the Samala Chumash Language. National Park Service.
Italics indicate extinct languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indigenous |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Indigenous |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
