武则天唐高宗合葬乾陵从未被盗 遗今三大谜团（图）
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| Jassic | |
|---|---|
| Yassic[1] | |
| jász | |
| Native to | Hungary |
| Region | Jász–Nagykun–Szolnok County |
| Ethnicity | Jassic people |
| Extinct | 17th century |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ysc |
ysc | |
| Glottolog | jass1238 |
Jassic (Hungarian: jász) is an extinct dialect or language of the Ossetian language once spoken in Hungary, named after the Jasz people, a nomadic tribe that settled in Hungary in the 13th century.
History
[edit]The Jasz (Jassic) people came to Hungary together with the Cumans, chased by the Mongols. They were admitted by the Hungarian king Béla IV, hoping that they would assist in fighting against a Mongol-Tatar invasion. But shortly after their entry, the relationship worsened dramatically between the Hungarian nobility and the Cumanian-Jassic tribes and they left the country. After the end of the Mongol-Tatar occupation they returned and were settled in the central part of the Hungarian Plain.
Initially, their main occupation was animal husbandry. During the next two centuries they were assimilated into the Hungarian population and their language disappeared, but they preserved their Jassic identity and their regional autonomy until 1876. Over a dozen settlements in Central Hungary (e.g. Jászberény, Jászárokszállás, and Jászfényszaru) still bear their name. The historical, ethnographical and geographical region of Jászság, as well as of the modern Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County, are among the many place names linked to them. The name of the city of Ia?i in Romania may also derive from the name of the people.
The only literary record of the Jassic language was found in the 1950s in the Hungarian National Széchényi Library. It is a one-page glossary containing 34 words mainly related to products of agriculture (types of grain, cattle, etc.) probably compiled for fiscal or mercantile purposes. The glossary was interpreted with the help of Ossetian analogues from the Digor dialect. (Németh 1959)
Jassic Glossary
[edit]Reading
[edit]Based on Anton Fekete's transcription, Nagy Gyula Németh read the monument as follows:
1. da ban horz nahechsa Sose [z?]
2. panis carnis brodiu(m)
3. khevef fit baza zana wi[u]um
4. Jayca (v? w? m?) она karcen [?] pises [o?]
5. dan aqtia manaona furme(n)tum
6. Zabar auena huwaz fenu(m)
7. Karbach arpa huvar kovu (?)les
8. casa (fo fej tc) cocta Orae boza tabak
9. scutela Chugan olla odok colftjar
10. Gist fomagium Charif
11. vay karak pulltis
12. Caz auca kuraynu molen???
13. lapi(de)s Bah ecus acha fuv
14. Gal Bos fvs oves
15. Ere fo[a?]ca(n) khvnge ad (ev?)f suporc(us)
16. saca capar vas bidellu(m)
17. docega vacca Gu(?)za doctillu[?i?]s
18. Bucha pacta[2]
Jassic Words
[edit]Most Jassic words are comparable to the Digor dialect of Ossetian. Some examples are:[3]
| English | Jassic | Ossetian |
|---|---|---|
| Bread | K'ever | K'?b?r |
| Bull | Gal | Gal |
| Chicken | Kar(a)k | Kark |
| Day | Ban | Bon |
| Duck | Assa | Ass/Ass? |
| Egg | Jaika | Ajk? |
| Goose | Qaz | Qa?/Qaz |
| Horse | Basx | B?x |
| Millet | Huvar | Xor/Xwar |
| Our | Νa | N? |
| Plate | Tabac | T?b?? |
| Sheep | Fus | Fy?/Fus |
| Spoon | Odok | Widyg/Jedug |
| Water | Dan | Don |
| Woman | Osa (?) | U?/Os? |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Yassic". LINGUIST List. Archived from the original on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
- ^ Nemeth Yu. List of words in the language of the Jassians, Hungarian Alans / Translation from German and notes by V. I. Abaev. - Ordzhonikidze: Ossetian Research Institute, 1960. - P. 8.
- ^ "Печать Ясские глоссарий и именник" (in Russian). Alanica. Archived from the original on 26 March 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
- Németh, J. 1959. "Eine W?rterliste der Jassen, der ungarl?ndischen Alanen." Abhandlungen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Klasse für Sprachen, Literatur, und Kunst, Jahrgang 1958, Nr. 4. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
- Kim, Ronald. "On the Historical Phonology of Ossetic." Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 123, No. 1. (Jan.-Mar.,2003), pp. 43–72.