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Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Bridge | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Coordinates | 49°17′43″N 123°01′35″W? / ?49.295296°N 123.026276°W |
| Carries | Six lanes of British Columbia Highway 1, pedestrians and bicycles |
| Crosses | Burrard Inlet |
| Locale | |
| Official name | Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing |
| Owner | British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Truss/cantilever bridge |
| Material | Steel |
| Total length | 1,292 metres (4,239 ft)[1] |
| Longest span | 335 metres (1,099 ft)[1] |
| History | |
| Designer | Swan, Wooster and Partners |
| Constructed by | Peter Kiewet and Sons, Raymond International,[2] and Dominion Bridge Company[3] |
| Construction start | 1957 |
| Opened | August 25, 1960 |
| Statistics | |
| Daily traffic | 121,778 (2021)[4] |
| Location | |
 | |
The Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing, also called the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge and Second Narrows Bridge, is the second bridge constructed at the Second (east) Narrows of Burrard Inlet in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Originally named the Second Narrows Bridge, it connects Vancouver to the North Shore of Burrard Inlet, which includes the District of North Vancouver, the City of North Vancouver, and West Vancouver. It was constructed adjacent to the older Second Narrows Bridge, which is now exclusively a rail bridge. Its construction, from 1956 to 1960, was marred by a multi-death collapse on June 17, 1958. The First Narrows Bridge, better known as Lions Gate Bridge, crosses Burrard Inlet about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) west of the Second Narrows.
The bridge is a steel truss cantilever bridge, designed by Swan Wooster Engineering Co. Ltd. Construction began in November 1957, and the bridge was officially opened on August 25, 1960. It cost approximately $23 million to build.[5] Tolls were charged until April 1, 1963.[6]
The bridge is 1,292 metres (4,239 ft) long with a centre span of 335 metres (1,099 ft). It is part of the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1).
Collapse
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On June 17, 1958, as a crane stretched from the north side of the new bridge to join the two chords of the unfinished arch, several spans collapsed. Seventy-nine workers plunged 30 metres (98 ft) into the water. Eighteen were killed either instantly or shortly thereafter, possibly drowned by their heavy tool belts. A diver searching for bodies drowned later, bringing the total fatalities for the collapse to nineteen. In a subsequent Royal Commission inquiry, the bridge collapse was attributed to miscalculation by bridge engineers. A temporary steel box support at the base of the falsework, holding the newly built fifth anchor span, was deemed insufficient to bear the weight. The falsework plans were drawn by a junior engineer and the error not noticed by the supervising engineer.[7]
In December 1957, a safety inspector from the British Columbia Workmen's Compensation Board had reported that the installation of a safety net under the work platforms was "impracticable" following the death of another steelworker.[8]
Renaming
[edit]The bridge was renamed the "Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing" on June 17, 1994, to honour the eighteen workers who died in the collapse, along with one rescue diver and four other workers who also died during the construction process.[9][10]
In popular culture
[edit] |
- Stompin' Tom Connors paid a musical tribute to the fallen ironworkers with the song "The Bridge Came Tumbling Down" on his 1972 album My Stompin' Grounds. (This song also appears on several later compilations, one of which was performed by Les Claypool's Duo de Twang).
- Jimmy Dean's 1962 song "Steel Men" is a ballad about the Second Narrows bridge disaster.
- Gary Geddes' 2007 book of poetry, entitled Falsework, is based on the collapse of the bridge.
Bibliography
[edit]- Jamieson, Eric, Tragedy at Second Narrows: The Story of the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge, Harbour Publishing, 2008.
- Rasky, Frank, Great Canadian Disasters, Longman, 1961. (chapter 10)
Notes
[edit]- On February 2, 2009, several University of British Columbia engineering students were arrested while attempting to suspend the shell of a Volkswagen Beetle under the bridge as part of an "Engineering Week" tradition.
- Increasing traffic volumes after 2010 have led to major congestion on the bridge. Car accidents on or near the bridge reduce traffic flows over the bridge and then make for major congestion all over the North Shore.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing at Structurae
- ^ British Columbia Department of Highways (1957). Minister of Highways Report for the Fiscal Year 1955/56 (Report). Victoria: Government of British Columbia. p. 84. doi:10.14288/1.0349122. J110.L5 S7; 1957_V02_08_N1_N212. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
- ^ British Columbia Department of Highways (1958). Minister of Highways Report for the Fiscal Year 1956/57 (Report). Victoria: Government of British Columbia. p. 96. doi:10.14288/1.0354204. J110.L5 S7; 1958_V02_04_J1_J243.
- ^ "Monthly Volume Calendar – Second Narrows P-15-2EW – NY" (PDF). British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure. October 13, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
- ^ "New bridge open amid subdued air". The Province. August 26, 1960. p. 1. Retrieved December 5, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Staff Writer (April 1, 1963). "Bridge Traffic Goes Smoothly, Because it's Free, Free, Free". Vancouver Sun. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2022.
- ^ Lowe, Keith (June 26, 2000). "Bridge disaster recalled". North Shore News. Archived from the original on December 15, 2005. Retrieved February 4, 2006.
- ^ "Nets under bridge 'impraticable'". The Province. December 11, 1957. p. 12. Retrieved December 5, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "50th anniversary of Second Narrows Bridge collapse". WorkSafe BC. June 17, 2008. Archived from the original on January 1, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2009.
- ^ "Second Narrows Memorial". The Vancouver Sun. June 18, 1994. p. A3. Retrieved December 5, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
External links
[edit]
- History of Metropolitan Vancouver Archived October 29, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
- Satellite image of the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge and Second Narrows Bridge
- Vancouver, BC Bridge Under Construction Collapses, June 1958 Archived January 26, 2022, at the Wayback Machine at GenDisasters.com
- [1] "Collapse of the Second Narrows Bridge during Construction" - Journal article in American Society of Civil Engineers 2017
- Bridges in Greater Vancouver
- Cantilever bridges in Canada
- Bridges completed in 1960
- Transport in North Vancouver (district municipality)
- Bridge disasters in Canada
- Bridge disasters caused by engineering error
- Disasters in British Columbia
- History of Vancouver
- Labor monuments and memorials
- Road bridges in British Columbia
- Bridges on the Trans-Canada Highway
- Monuments and memorials in British Columbia
- Buildings and structures in Vancouver
- Former toll bridges in Canada
- 1958 disasters in Canada
- 1950s in Vancouver