神华福建罗源湾电厂年底投用 系福州最大火电厂
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.jpg) The Computer History Museum's front entrance | |
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Former names | The Computer Museum |
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| Established | 1996 |
| Location | Mountain View, California, US |
| Coordinates | 37°24′52″N 122°04′37″W? / ?37.414371°N 122.076817°W |
| Type | History and Technology Museum |
| Collection size | Over 1 million objects |
| CEO | Marc Etkind |
| Website | computerhistory |
The Computer History Museum (CHM) is a computer museum in Mountain View, California. The museum presents stories and artifacts of Silicon Valley and the Information Age, and explores the computing revolution and its impact on society.
History
[edit]The museum's origins date to 1968 when Gordon Bell began a quest for a historical collection and, at that same time, others were looking to preserve the Whirlwind computer. The resulting Museum Project had its first exhibit in 1975, located in a converted coat closet in a DEC lobby. In 1978, the museum, now The Digital Computer Museum (TDCM), moved to a larger DEC lobby in Marlborough, Massachusetts and opened to the public in September 1979.[1] Maurice Wilkes presented the first lecture at TDCM in 1979 – the presentation of such lectures has continued to the present time.
TDCM incorporated as The Computer Museum (TCM) in 1982. In 1984, TCM moved to Boston, locating on Museum Wharf.
In 1996/1997, the TCM History Center (TCMHC) was established; a site at Moffett Field was provided by NASA (an old building that was previously the Naval Base furniture store) and a large number of artifacts were shipped there from TCM.
In 1999, TCMHC incorporated and TCM ceased operation, shipping its remaining artifacts to TCMHC in 2000. The name TCM had been retained by the Boston Museum of Science, so the name TCMHC was changed to Computer History Museum (CHM) in 2000.
In 2002, CHM opened its new building, previously occupied by Silicon Graphics, at 1401 N. Shoreline Blvd in Mountain View, California, to the public.[1]
In 2009, CHM hosted the National Inventors Hall of Fame's annual induction ceremony, the venue significant as that year's fifteen inductees were all contributors to semiconductor technology and 2009 marked the golden jubilee of the integrated circuit.[2]
The facility was later heavily renovated and underwent a two-year $19 million makeover before reopening in January 2011.[3]
John Hollar, a former media executive, was appointed CEO in July 2008.[4] Dan'l Lewin, a former technology executive, replaced Hollar as CEO in March 2018.[5] CHM appointed former NASA Communications Leader Marc Etkind as its next President and Chief Executive Officer on February 19th, 2025.[6]
Public programs
[edit]The Computer History Museum hosts regular public programs (currently under the "CHM Live" banner) with notable leaders (past and present) from Silicon Valley and the global tech sector, including past speakers such as Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg, Reid Hoffman, Elon Musk, and Eric Schmidt, as well as academics, historians, and others on the impact of technology. The Museum also produces special events marking key anniversaries, such as the 40th Anniversary of the Apple Macintosh and the 50th Anniversary of Ethernet, featuring panels reflecting on the history and impact of key computing technologies. Recordings of the Museum's past events are viewable on its YouTube channel.
The Museum also hosts TechFest events for families.
Collections and exhibition space
[edit]The Computer History Museum claims to house the largest and most significant collection of computing artifacts in the world.[a] This includes many rare or one-of-a-kind objects such as a Cray-1 supercomputer as well as a Cray-2, Cray-3, the Utah teapot, the 1969 Neiman Marcus Kitchen Computer, an Apple I, and an example of the first generation of Google's racks of custom-designed web servers.[8] The collection comprises nearly 90,000 objects, photographs and films, as well as 4,000 ft (1,200 m) of cataloged documentation and several hundred gigabytes of software.
The CHM oral history program conducts video interviews around the history of computing, this includes computer systems, networking, data-processing, memory, and data-storage. There are over 1,000 interviews recorded as of 2021, including panel discussions on the origins of the IBM PC and the hard disk drive, and individual interviews with Joanna Hoffman, Steve Chen, Dame Stephanie Shirley, and Donald Knuth.[9]
The museum's 25,000 sq ft (2,300 m2) exhibit "Revolution: The First 2000 Years of Computing", opened to the public on January 13, 2011. It covers the history of computing in 20 galleries, from the abacus to the Internet. The entire exhibition is also available online.[10][11][12]
On January 28, 2017, the Museum launched a 6,000 sq ft (560 m2) exhibit "Make Software: Change the World!" The exhibit covers how people's lives are transformed by software. Designed for middle schoolers and up, it features multimedia and touchscreen interactives, including a software lab where visitors can explore coding hands-on.[13]
Other exhibits include a restoration of an historic PDP-1 minicomputer, two restored IBM 1401 computers, and a restored IBM Ramac 350 disk drive.[14]
An operating difference engine designed by Charles Babbage in the 1840s and constructed by the Science Museum of London was on display until January 31, 2016. It had been on loan since 2008 from its owner, Nathan Myhrvold, a former Microsoft executive.[15]
Software
[edit]The CHM is also home to an extensive collection of software, curated by Al Kossow, a former employee of Apple Computer whom the museum hired in 2006. Kossow is responsible for preservation and accession of software in the museum, as well as for developing CHM's software-themed exhibitions. Kossow was a contributor to the museum long before being hired full-time and is the proprietor of Bitsavers, a large online repository of historical computer manuals and archived software and firmware acquired from his own collection and through donations from his peers.[16][17][18]
In 2010 the museum began with the collection of source code of important software, beginning with Apple's MacPaint 1.3, written in a combination of assembly language and Pascal and available as download for the public.[19][20]
Many other accessions have followed over the years. APL programming language was received in 2012.[21] Adobe donated the Photoshop 1.0.1 source code in 2013,[22][23] and Postscript in 2022.[24] Microsoft followed with the source code donation of SCP MS-DOS 1.25 and a mixture of Altos MS-DOS 2.11 and TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11 as well as Word for Windows 1.1a under their own license.[25][26] On October 21, 2014, Xerox Alto's source code was released.[27] On January 19, 2023, the Apple Lisa source code was released to the public.[28]
Past exhibits
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On June 23, 1990, the Walk-Through Computer exhibit opened to help visitors learn how computers work.[29] The interactive exhibit included a desktop computer, a giant monitor, a 25-foot (7.6 m) keyboard, and a 40-inch (1,016 mm) diameter trackball (initially planned to be a "bumper-car sized mouse") used by visitors to control the World Traveler program. In the Software Theater, animation and hardware video is used alongside a video feed of the World Traveler Program to show how computer programs work.[30] This exhibit was closed on August 5, 1995, and re-opened as the Walk-Through Computer 2000 on October 21, 1995, to include an updated monitor, 3D graphics, and more interactive features. One of these features allowed visitors to change the pits imprinted on a giant CD-ROM, and the changes are seen on a monitor.[31]
In 2016, the museum had a Liquid Galaxy in the "Going Places: A History of Silicon Valley" exhibit. The exhibit had 20 preselected locations that visitors can fly to on the Liquid Galaxy.[32] An exhibit on the history of autonomous vehicles, from torpedoes to self-driving cars was also on display.
Fellows
[edit]The CHM Fellow Awards Program honors distinguished technology pioneers for their outstanding merits and significant contributions to the advancement of computing and the evolution of the digital age. The CHM Fellows are men and women 'whose ideas have changed the world [and] affected nearly every human alive today'. The first fellow was Rear Admiral Grace Hopper in 1987. The fellows program has grown to 100 members as of 2024.[33] Fellow nominations are open to the public and are accepted year round.[34]
- 1987: Grace Hopper
- 1995: Jay Wright Forrester
- 1996: Mitch Kapor, Ken Olsen
- 1997: Dennis Ritchie, Ken Thompson, John Backus, Steve Wozniak
- 1998: Gene Amdahl, Donald Knuth, Gordon Moore
- 1999: Alan Kay, John McCarthy, Konrad Zuse
- 2000: Frances E. Allen, Vint Cerf, Tom Kilburn
- 2001: Fred Brooks, Jean E. Sammet, Maurice Wilkes
- 2002: Charles Geschke, John Warnock, John Cocke, Carver Mead
- 2003: Tim Berners-Lee, David Wheeler, Gordon Bell
- 2004: Erich Bloch, Dan Bricklin, Bob O. Evans, Bob Frankston, Niklaus Wirth
- 2005: Paul Baran, Douglas Engelbart, Alan Shugart, Ivan Sutherland
- 2006: Tony Hoare, Bob Kahn, Butler Lampson, Marvin Minsky
- 2007: John L. Hennessy, David Patterson, Morris Chang, Charles P. Thacker
- 2008: Jean Bartik, Robert Metcalfe, Linus Torvalds
- 2009: Federico Faggin, Marcian Hoff, Stanley Mazor, Masatoshi Shima, Donald D. Chamberlin, Robert Everett
- 2011: Whitfield Diffie, Martin Hellman, Ralph Merkle, Bill Joy
- 2012: Fernando J. Corbató, Edward Feigenbaum, Steve Furber, Sophie Wilson
- 2013: Edwin Catmull, Harry Huskey, Robert Taylor
- 2014: Lynn Conway, John Crawford, Irwin M. Jacobs
- 2015: Bjarne Stroustrup, Charles Bachman, Evelyn Berezin
- 2016: Dave Cutler, Lee Felsenstein, Phil Moorby
- 2017: Alan Cooper, Margaret Hamilton, Larry Roberts, Cleve Moler
- 2018: Dov Frohman-Bentchkowsky, Dame Stephanie Shirley, Guido van Rossum
- 2019: James Gosling, Katherine Johnson, Leslie Lamport, Louis Pouzin
- 2021: Ray Ozzie, Raj Reddy, Lillian Schwartz, Andries van Dam
- 2022: Don Bitzer, Adele Goldberg, Dan Ingalls, Leonard Kleinrock
- 2023: Rodney Brooks, Thomas E. Kurtz, Barbara Liskov
- 2024: Allan Alcorn, Nolan Bushnell, Elizabeth J. Feinler, Jensen Huang, Steven Mayer
See also
[edit]
- The Computer Museum, Boston
- Computer museums
- History of computing
- History of computer science
- Living Computers: Museum + Labs
- Vintage Computer Festival held annually at The Computer History Museum
Notes
[edit]- ^ the Heinz Nixdorf Museum, Paderborn, Germany, has more items on display but a far smaller total collection[7]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Backgrounder Archived March 1, 2005, at the Wayback Machine Press release on the Computer History Museum
- ^ Allen, Frederick E. (May 4, 2009). "Honoring The Creators Of The Computerized World". www.forbes.com. Forbes. Retrieved May 6, 2025.
- ^ "Computer History Museum's Major New Exhibition Opens". Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on January 3, 2017. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
- ^ "John Hollar". Computer History Museum.
- ^ "Dan'l Lewin Appointed CEO" (Press release). Computer History Museum. February 27, 2018.
- ^ "Computer History Museum Appoints Marc Etkind as New President and Chief Executive Officer". CHM. Retrieved February 25, 2025.
- ^ Heinz Nixdorf Museum Archived July 9, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ How Google Works David F. Carr, Baseline.com, July 6, 2006
- ^ Computer History Museum: Oral History Collection
- ^ Wollan, Malia (January 13, 2011). "Computer History Museum Unveils Its Makeover". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 4, 2016.
- ^ Bilton, Nick (January 14, 2010). "Bits Pics: The Computer History Museum". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 19, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
- ^ "Computer History Museums Major New Exhibition Opens January 12th 2011". Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on January 17, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
- ^ "Computer History Museum Opens New Exhibition "Make Software: Change the World!"". CHM. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
- ^ "The First Disk Drive: RAMAC 350". Computer History Museum.
- ^ Moack, Mark (January 28, 2016). "Difference Engine Leaves Computer History Museum". Mountain View Voice. Archived from the original on March 2, 2016.
- ^ "Computer History Museum Names Software Curator". Silicon Valley Business Journal. American City Business Journals. July 12, 2006. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
- ^ "Computer History Museum Leads Software Research and Preservation with New Center Launch". Yahoo News. March 1, 2017. Archived from the original on October 18, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
- ^ Scott, Jason. "That Time I Put Bitsavers into Archive.org". ASCII. Archived from the original on January 11, 2013.
- ^ "MacPaint and QuickDraw Source Code". Computer History Museum. July 20, 2010. Archived from the original on August 22, 2012.
- ^ Hesseldahl, Erik (July 20, 2010). "Apple Donates MacPaint Source Code To Computer History Museum". Businessweek.com. Archived from the original on February 9, 2012.
- ^ Shustek, Len (October 10, 2012). "The APL Programming Language Source Code". Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on October 7, 2013. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
- ^ Bishop, Bryan (February 14, 2013). "Adobe releases original Photoshop source code for nostalgic developers". TheVerge.com. Archived from the original on January 17, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
- ^ Adobe Photoshop Source Code Archived May 7, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "PostScript: A Digital Printing Press". CHM. December 1, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
- ^ Shustek, Len (March 24, 2014). "Microsoft Word for Windows Version 1.1a Source Code". Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
- ^ Levin, Roy (March 25, 2014). "Microsoft makes source code for MS-DOS and Word for Windows available to public". Official Microsoft Blog. Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2014. (NB. While the author and publishers claim the package would include MS-DOS 1.1 and 2.0, it actually contains SCP MS-DOS 1.25 and a mixture of files from Altos MS-DOS 2.11 and TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11.)
- ^ McJones, Paul (October 21, 2014). "Xerox Alto Source Code - The Roots of the Modern Personal Computer". Software Gems: The Computer History Museum Historical Source Code Series. Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on January 2, 2015. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
With the permission of the Palo Alto Research Center, the Computer History Museum is pleased to make available, for non-commercial use only, snapshots of Alto source code, executables, documentation, font files, and other files from 1975 to 1987.
- ^ "The Lisa: Apple's Most Influential Failure". CHM. January 19, 2023. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
- ^ "Walk Through Computer".
- ^ "The Software Theater".
- ^ "The Walk Through Computer 2000" (PDF).
- ^ "David Laws' App Shines in New Exhibit at Computer History Museum". BATW. Archived from the original on January 6, 2017. Retrieved January 6, 2017.
- ^ "Hall of Fellows". Computer History Museum. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
- ^ "Fellow Awards". CHM. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
Further reading
[edit]- Bell, Gordon (April 4, 2011). Out of a Closet: The Early Years of the Computer [x]* Museum (PDF) (Technical report). Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Research. MSR-TR-2011-44. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 18, 2012. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
External links
[edit]
- Official website
- Computer History Museum's channel on YouTube
- The Computer Museum Archive (predecessor museum in Boston, Massachusetts)
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