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==Characteristics==
The Eastern Iranian area has been affected by widespread [[sound change]]s, e.g. t?? > ts.

{|class="wikitable"
! [[English language|English]] !! [[Avestan]] !! [[Pashto language|Pashto]] !! [[Munji language|Munji]] !! [[Sanglechi language|Sanglechi]] !! [[Wakhi language|Wakhi]] !! [[Shughni language|Shughni]] !! [[Parachi language|Parachi]] !! [[Ormuri language|Ormuri]] !! [[Yaghnobi language|Yaghnobi]] !! [[Ossetic language|Ossetic]]
|-
| one || aēva- || yaw || yu || vak || yi || yiw || ?u || sō || ī || iu
|-
| four || '''t??'''aθwārō || '''ts'''al?r || '''t??'''fūr || '''ts'''?fúr || '''ts'''īb?r || '''ts'''av?r || '''t??'''ōr || '''ts'''ār || (taf?r)<sup>1</sup> || '''c'''yppar
|-
| seven || ha'''pt'''a || ō'''w'''? || ō'''vd'''a || ō'''vδ''' || ?'''b''' || ū'''vd''' || hō'''t''' || wō || a'''ft''' || a'''vd'''
|}

# The initial syllable was in this word lost entirely in Yaghnobi due to a stress shift.

===Lenition of voiced stops===
Common to most Eastern Iranian languages is a particularly widespread [[lenition]] of the voiced stops *b, *d, *g. Between vowels, these have been lenited also in most Western Iranian languages, but in Eastern Iranian, [[spirantization]] also generally occurs in the word-initial position. This phenomenon is however not apparent in Avestan, and remains absent from Ormuri-Parachi.

A series of [[spirant]] consonants can be assumed to have been the first stage: *b > *β, *d > *e, *g > *?. The [[voiced velar fricative]] {{IPA|/?/}} has mostly been preserved. The labial member has been well-preserved too, but in most languages has shifted from a [[voiced bilabial fricative]] {{IPA|/β/}} to the [[voiced labiodental fricative]] {{IPA|/v/}}. The dental member has proved the most unstable: while a [[voiced dental fricative]] {{IPA|/e/}} is preserved in some Pamir languages, it has in e.g. Pashto and Munji lenited further to {{IPA|/l/}}. On the other hand, in Yaghnobi and Ossetian, the development appears to have been reversed, leading to the reappearance of a voiced stop {{IPA|/d/}}. (Both languages have also shifted earlier *θ > {{IPA|/t/}}.)

{|class="wikitable"
! [[English language|English]] !! [[Avestan]] !! [[Pashto language|Pashto]] !! [[Munji language|Munji]] !! [[Sanglechi language|Sanglechi]] !! [[Wakhi language|Wakhi]] !! [[Shughni language|Shughni]] !! [[Parachi language|Parachi]] !! [[Ormuri language|Ormuri]] !! [[Yaghnobi language|Yaghnobi]] !! [[Ossetic language|Ossetic]]
|-
| ten || '''d'''asa || '''l'''as || '''l'''os / dā{{ref|mun|1}} || '''d'''os || '''δ'''as || '''δ'''is || '''d'''ōs || '''d'''as || '''d'''as || '''d'''?s
|-
| cow || '''g'''av- || '''?'''wā || '''?'''?w || u'''?'''ūi || '''?'''īw || '''?'''ōw || '''g'''ū || '''g'''ioe || '''?'''ōw || '''q'''ug
|-
| brother || '''b'''rātar- || '''w'''rōr || '''v'''?róy || '''v'''rūδ || '''v'''īrīt || '''v'''ir?d || '''b'''yā || (marzā{{ref|orm|2}}) || '''v'''ir?t || ?r'''v'''ad{{ref|oss|3}}
|-
|}

The consonant clusters *ft and *xt have also been widely lenited, though again excluding Ormuri-Parachi, and possibly Yaghnobi.

===External influences===
The neighboring [[Indo-Aryan languages]] have exerted a pervasive external influence on the closest neighbouring Eastern Iranian, as it is evident in the development in the [[retroflex consonant]]s (in Pashto, Wakhi, Sanglechi, Khotanese, etc.) and aspirates (in Khotanese, Parachi and Ormuri).<ref name="Iranica" /> A more localized sound change is the backing of the former retroflex fricative ''??'' {{IPA|[?]}}, to ''x?'' {{IPA|[x]}} or to ''x'' {{IPA|[χ]}}, found in the Shughni–Yazgulyam branch and certain dialects of Pashto. E.g. "meat": ''ɡu'''??'''t'' in Wakhi and ''γwa'''??'''a'' in Southern Pashto, but changes to {{Transliteration|sgh|gu'''x'''t}} in Shughni, ''γwa'''x?'''a'' in Central and Northern Pashto.